TY - JOUR
T1 - Common mental disorders associated with 2-year diabetes incidence
T2 - The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)
AU - Atlantis, Evan
AU - Vogelzangs, Nicole
AU - Cashman, Kara
AU - Penninx, Brenda J.W.H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The infrastructure for the NESDA study ( www.nesda.nl ) is funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (Zon-Mw, grant number 10-000-1002) and is supported by participating universities and mental health care organizations (VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Arkin, Leiden University Medical Center, GGZ Rivierduinen, University Medical Center Groningen, Lentis, GGZ Friesland, GGZ Drenthe, Institute for Quality of Health Care (IQHealthcare), Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL) and Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos).
PY - 2012/10
Y1 - 2012/10
N2 - Background: Few prospective cohort studies describe the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with depression or anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the 2-year diabetes incidence and pattern of explanatory factors associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: A prospective cohort of 2981 participants (aged 18-65 years, 66 women) recruited in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) from community, primary care and outpatient psychiatric clinics were followed-up for two years. Complete data were analyzed from 2460 participants without baseline diabetes. Lifetime or current (past 6-month) depressive and/or anxiety disorders at baseline were assessed using the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI) and classified by the DSM-IV. Diabetes was classified by either self-report, medications, or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/L. Baseline covariates included age, gender, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Odds ratios (OR [95 confidence intervals]) for diabetes were determined using exact logistic regression. Results: The unadjusted 2-year diabetes incidence was 0.2 (1/571), 1.1 (6/548), and 1.8 (24/1340) for no, remitted, and current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, respectively. In comparison to those without psychopathology, current depressive and/or anxiety disorders was associated with diabetes incidence in unadjusted (OR 10.4 [1.7, 429.0]) and age-adjusted (OR 11.9 (1.9, 423.0]) analyses. The strength of this association (beta coefficient) was slightly changed after further adjustments for impaired fasting glucose (11.4), high triglycerides (-7.8), and lifestyle cumulative risk score (-5.0), in contrast to other covariates when assessed in separate models. Limitations: The low incidence of diabetes resulted in considerable uncertainty for the odds ratios and low statistical power that limited covariate adjustments. Conclusions: The relative odds of developing diabetes within two years was increased for persons with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, which was partially explained by, but remained independent of, lifestyle cumulative risk factors.
AB - Background: Few prospective cohort studies describe the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with depression or anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the 2-year diabetes incidence and pattern of explanatory factors associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Methods: A prospective cohort of 2981 participants (aged 18-65 years, 66 women) recruited in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) from community, primary care and outpatient psychiatric clinics were followed-up for two years. Complete data were analyzed from 2460 participants without baseline diabetes. Lifetime or current (past 6-month) depressive and/or anxiety disorders at baseline were assessed using the Composite Interview Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI) and classified by the DSM-IV. Diabetes was classified by either self-report, medications, or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/L. Baseline covariates included age, gender, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Odds ratios (OR [95 confidence intervals]) for diabetes were determined using exact logistic regression. Results: The unadjusted 2-year diabetes incidence was 0.2 (1/571), 1.1 (6/548), and 1.8 (24/1340) for no, remitted, and current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, respectively. In comparison to those without psychopathology, current depressive and/or anxiety disorders was associated with diabetes incidence in unadjusted (OR 10.4 [1.7, 429.0]) and age-adjusted (OR 11.9 (1.9, 423.0]) analyses. The strength of this association (beta coefficient) was slightly changed after further adjustments for impaired fasting glucose (11.4), high triglycerides (-7.8), and lifestyle cumulative risk score (-5.0), in contrast to other covariates when assessed in separate models. Limitations: The low incidence of diabetes resulted in considerable uncertainty for the odds ratios and low statistical power that limited covariate adjustments. Conclusions: The relative odds of developing diabetes within two years was increased for persons with current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, which was partially explained by, but remained independent of, lifestyle cumulative risk factors.
KW - Anxiety
KW - Depression
KW - Diabetes
KW - Hyperglycemia
KW - Prospective cohort
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867371467&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70006-X
DO - 10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70006-X
M3 - Article
C2 - 23062854
AN - SCOPUS:84867371467
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 142
SP - S30-S35
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
IS - SUPPL.
ER -