TY - JOUR
T1 - Community pharmacy personnel interventions for smoking cessation
AU - Carson-Chahhoud, Kristin V.
AU - Livingstone-Banks, Jonathan
AU - Sharrad, Kelsey J.
AU - Kopsaftis, Zoe
AU - Brinn, Malcolm P.
AU - To-A-nan, Rachada
AU - Bond, Christine M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Amanda Lee provided statistical advice. Our thanks to previous authors: Hazel Sinclair and Lindsay Stead. We would also like to thank Rachna Begh and Ali Albasri for peer review, and Sandra Wilcox for performing consumer review. This project was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), via Cochrane Infrastructure and Cochrane Programme Grant funding to the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group. The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Systematic Reviews Programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health and Social Care. University of Aberdeen, UK. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK. NIHR Cochrane Infrastructure Grant, UK. NIHR Cochrane Programme Grant, UK.
Funding Information:
Karen Suchanek Hudmon: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, 1001 W. 10th Street – W7555 Myers, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, 521 Parnassus Ave, C-152, Box 0622, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA: khudmon@purdue.edu; Tel.: +1 317 613 2315x311; fax: +1 317 613 2316 Funding: "Funded by the National Cancer Institute grant R01 CA 129312 to K Hudmon. A portion of Dr. Zillich’s time was supported by a Career Development award RCD 06-304-1 from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development."
Funding Information:
Funding: "The trial was funded by the National Prevention Research Initiative of the UK, administered by the MRC. The funding partners are Alzheimer's Research UK, Alzheimer's Society, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health Directorate, Department of Health, Diabetes UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Health and Social Care Research Division, Public Health Agency, Northern Ireland, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, Wellcome Trust, Welsh Government, and World Cancer Research Fund."
Funding Information:
Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Central Commissioning Facility (CCF); Grant Codes: RP-PG-0609-10181
Funding Information:
Dennis Thomas: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Dennis.Thomas@monash.edu Funding: "This trial is funded by the Australian Research Council through the Linkage Scheme (LP110200724) and an investigator-initiated research (IIR) grant from Pfizer. BB is supported by a Cancer Institute NSW Career Development Fellowship." Declarations of interest: "The study is supported by an investigator initiated research (IIR) grant from Pfizer. However, Pfizer was not involved in the design of the study, protocol development or implementation and will not be involved in the analysis and publication of findings. Recommendations for pharmacotherapy will be evidence-based and according to guidelines based on a participant’s nicotine dependence and participant preference. Professor Abramson was a member of the Scientific Committee for a workshop on an unrelated topic that was sponsored by GlaxoSmithK-line, but did not receive any honorarium"
Funding Information:
Funding: "This publication was made possible by a grant from the Qatar National Research Fund under its National Priorities Research Program (NPRP 4–716 - 3–203). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Qatar National Research Fund."
PY - 2019/10/31
Y1 - 2019/10/31
N2 - Background Community pharmacists could provide effective smoking cessation treatment because they offer easy access to members of the community. They are well placed to provide both advice on the correct use of smoking cessation products and behavioural support to aid smoking cessation. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions delivered by community pharmacy personnel to assist people to stop smoking, with or without concurrent use of pharmacotherapy. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, along with clinicaltrials.gov and the ICTRP, for smoking cessation studies conducted in a community pharmacy setting, using the search terms pharmacist* or pharmacy or pharmacies. Date of the most recent search: January 2019. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials of interventions delivered by community pharmacy personnel to promote smoking cessation amongst their clients who were smokers, compared with usual pharmacy support or any less intensive programme. The main outcome measure was smoking cessation rates at six months or more after the start of the intervention. Data collection and analysis We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane for study screening, data extraction and management. We conducted a meta-analysis using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model to generate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Main results We identified seven studies including 1774 participants. We judged three studies to be at high risk of bias and four to be at unclear risk. Each study provided face-to-face behavioural support delivered by pharmacy staff, and required pharmacy personnel training. Typically such programmes comprised support starting before quit day and continuing with weekly appointments for several weeks afterwards. Comparators were either minimal or less intensive behavioural support for smoking cessation, typically comprising a few minutes of one-off advice on how to quit. Participants in both intervention and control arms received equivalent smoking cessation pharmacotherapy in all but one study. All studies took place in high-income countries, and recruited participants visiting pharmacies. We pooled six studies of 1614 participants and detected a benefit of more intensive behavioural smoking cessation interventions delivered by community pharmacy personnel compared with less intensive cessation interventions at longest follow-up (RR 2.30, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.97; I2 = 54%; low-certainty evidence). Authors' conclusions Community pharmacists can provide effective behavioural support to people trying to stop smoking. However, this conclusion is based on low-certainty evidence, limited by risk of bias and imprecision. Further research could change this conclusion.
AB - Background Community pharmacists could provide effective smoking cessation treatment because they offer easy access to members of the community. They are well placed to provide both advice on the correct use of smoking cessation products and behavioural support to aid smoking cessation. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions delivered by community pharmacy personnel to assist people to stop smoking, with or without concurrent use of pharmacotherapy. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, along with clinicaltrials.gov and the ICTRP, for smoking cessation studies conducted in a community pharmacy setting, using the search terms pharmacist* or pharmacy or pharmacies. Date of the most recent search: January 2019. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials of interventions delivered by community pharmacy personnel to promote smoking cessation amongst their clients who were smokers, compared with usual pharmacy support or any less intensive programme. The main outcome measure was smoking cessation rates at six months or more after the start of the intervention. Data collection and analysis We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane for study screening, data extraction and management. We conducted a meta-analysis using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model to generate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Main results We identified seven studies including 1774 participants. We judged three studies to be at high risk of bias and four to be at unclear risk. Each study provided face-to-face behavioural support delivered by pharmacy staff, and required pharmacy personnel training. Typically such programmes comprised support starting before quit day and continuing with weekly appointments for several weeks afterwards. Comparators were either minimal or less intensive behavioural support for smoking cessation, typically comprising a few minutes of one-off advice on how to quit. Participants in both intervention and control arms received equivalent smoking cessation pharmacotherapy in all but one study. All studies took place in high-income countries, and recruited participants visiting pharmacies. We pooled six studies of 1614 participants and detected a benefit of more intensive behavioural smoking cessation interventions delivered by community pharmacy personnel compared with less intensive cessation interventions at longest follow-up (RR 2.30, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.97; I2 = 54%; low-certainty evidence). Authors' conclusions Community pharmacists can provide effective behavioural support to people trying to stop smoking. However, this conclusion is based on low-certainty evidence, limited by risk of bias and imprecision. Further research could change this conclusion.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074495456&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/14651858.CD003698.pub3.
DO - 10.1002/14651858.CD003698.pub3.
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31684695
AN - SCOPUS:85074495456
SN - 1469-493X
VL - 2019
JO - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
JF - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
IS - 10
ER -