TY - JOUR
T1 - Diet in an urban Papua New Guinea population with high levels of cardiovascular risk factors
AU - Hodge, Allison M.
AU - Montgomery, Janice
AU - Dowse, Gary K.
AU - Mavo, Barnabas
AU - Watt, Tahlia
AU - Alpers, Michael P.
AU - Zimmet, Paul Z.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by project grant no. 910086 from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. We especially thank the elders and councillors of Koki for permitting the study, the Papua New Guinea Health Department, and Mr Michael Gwalimu and the dietary field assistants.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Usual food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes were estimated by food frequency questionnaire in the urban Wanigela people of Koki in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG). This group is characterised by a high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary data were available for 285 subjects, 38% of subjects attending a larger health survey: the study group was considered representative of the Koki population. Mean energy intakes, 11.5 mJ in men and 10.5 mJ in women, were in excess of estimated requirements, especially in women. Fat intake was predominantly saturated and although the percentage contribution was relatively low, the absolute intake was close to the level estimated for individuals consuming the recommended proportion of fat at an energy intake to maintain a healthy weight. Levels of body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and modernity score were not different across tertiles of dietary fat content, energy intake or energy-adjusted fat intake in men, but modernity score tended to increase with fat intake in women. Fibre intake was surprisingly low given the relative importance of local starchy staples which contributed to a high intake of total and complex carbohydrate. Cooking bananas and white rice were the main sources of energy and carbohydrate, fresh fish was the main protein source, and most of the fat in the diet was from coconut products, representing a diet transitional between a traditional coastal diet and a modern western diet. With continuing modernization and increasing dependence on imported foods it seems likely that many communities in PNG will experience increases in the prevalence of NIDDM and CVD.
AB - Usual food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes were estimated by food frequency questionnaire in the urban Wanigela people of Koki in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG). This group is characterised by a high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary data were available for 285 subjects, 38% of subjects attending a larger health survey: the study group was considered representative of the Koki population. Mean energy intakes, 11.5 mJ in men and 10.5 mJ in women, were in excess of estimated requirements, especially in women. Fat intake was predominantly saturated and although the percentage contribution was relatively low, the absolute intake was close to the level estimated for individuals consuming the recommended proportion of fat at an energy intake to maintain a healthy weight. Levels of body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and modernity score were not different across tertiles of dietary fat content, energy intake or energy-adjusted fat intake in men, but modernity score tended to increase with fat intake in women. Fibre intake was surprisingly low given the relative importance of local starchy staples which contributed to a high intake of total and complex carbohydrate. Cooking bananas and white rice were the main sources of energy and carbohydrate, fresh fish was the main protein source, and most of the fat in the diet was from coconut products, representing a diet transitional between a traditional coastal diet and a modern western diet. With continuing modernization and increasing dependence on imported foods it seems likely that many communities in PNG will experience increases in the prevalence of NIDDM and CVD.
KW - Food consumption
KW - Nutrient intake
KW - Papua New Guinea
KW - Urban
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030430160&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/03670244.1996.9991500
DO - 10.1080/03670244.1996.9991500
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0030430160
SN - 0367-0244
VL - 35
SP - 311
EP - 324
JO - Ecology of Food and Nutrition
JF - Ecology of Food and Nutrition
IS - 4
ER -