TY - JOUR
T1 - Free Fatty Acids Have More Potent Effects on Gastric Emptying, Gut Hormones, and Appetite Than Triacylglycerides
AU - Little, Tanya J.
AU - Russo, Antonietta
AU - Meyer, James H.
AU - Horowitz, Michael
AU - Smyth, Douglas R.
AU - Bellon, Max
AU - Wishart, Judith M.
AU - Jones, Karen L.
AU - Feinle-Bisset, Christine
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by a Postgraduate Research Scholarship from the University of Adelaide (T.L.), by a Career Development Award from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (C.F.-B.), and by a Fellowship jointly awarded by Diabetes Australia and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (K.J.).
PY - 2007/10
Y1 - 2007/10
N2 - Background & Aims: The effects of fat on gastric emptying (GE), gut hormones, and energy intake are dependent on digestion to free fatty acids (FFAs). In animals, small intestinal oleic acid inhibits energy intake more potently than the triacylglyceride (TG) triolein, but there is limited information about the comparative effects of FFA and TG in human beings. We compared the effects of FFA and TG on GE, gut hormone secretion, appetite, and energy intake in healthy males. Methods: Nine men (age, 23 ± 2 y; body mass index, 22 ± 1 kg/m2) were studied on 3 occasions to evaluate the effects of (1) 40 g oleic acid (FFA, 1830 kJ), (2) 40 g macadamia oil (TG, 1856 kJ; both 600-mL oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with 4% milk protein and labeled with 15 MBq 123I), or (3) 600 mL 4% milk protein (control, 352 kJ), administered intragastrically, on GE, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide-YY (PYY) levels, appetite perceptions, and subsequent energy intake. Results: GE of FFA was much slower than that of TG (P < .05), with greater retention of FFA, than TG, in the proximal stomach (P < .001). Hunger was less (P < .05), and fullness was greater (P < .05), after FFA when compared with control and TG. Increases in plasma CCK and PYY levels were greater after FFA than TG or control (P < .05). Energy intake tended to be less after FFA compared with TG (control, 4754 ± 610 kJ; TG, 5463 ± 662 kJ; FFA, 4199 ± 410 kJ). Conclusions: FFAs empty from the stomach more slowly, but stimulate CCK and PYY and suppress appetite more potently than TG in healthy human beings.
AB - Background & Aims: The effects of fat on gastric emptying (GE), gut hormones, and energy intake are dependent on digestion to free fatty acids (FFAs). In animals, small intestinal oleic acid inhibits energy intake more potently than the triacylglyceride (TG) triolein, but there is limited information about the comparative effects of FFA and TG in human beings. We compared the effects of FFA and TG on GE, gut hormone secretion, appetite, and energy intake in healthy males. Methods: Nine men (age, 23 ± 2 y; body mass index, 22 ± 1 kg/m2) were studied on 3 occasions to evaluate the effects of (1) 40 g oleic acid (FFA, 1830 kJ), (2) 40 g macadamia oil (TG, 1856 kJ; both 600-mL oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with 4% milk protein and labeled with 15 MBq 123I), or (3) 600 mL 4% milk protein (control, 352 kJ), administered intragastrically, on GE, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide-YY (PYY) levels, appetite perceptions, and subsequent energy intake. Results: GE of FFA was much slower than that of TG (P < .05), with greater retention of FFA, than TG, in the proximal stomach (P < .001). Hunger was less (P < .05), and fullness was greater (P < .05), after FFA when compared with control and TG. Increases in plasma CCK and PYY levels were greater after FFA than TG or control (P < .05). Energy intake tended to be less after FFA compared with TG (control, 4754 ± 610 kJ; TG, 5463 ± 662 kJ; FFA, 4199 ± 410 kJ). Conclusions: FFAs empty from the stomach more slowly, but stimulate CCK and PYY and suppress appetite more potently than TG in healthy human beings.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34848850724&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.060
DO - 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.060
M3 - Article
C2 - 17919488
AN - SCOPUS:34848850724
SN - 0016-5085
VL - 133
SP - 1124
EP - 1131
JO - Gastroenterology
JF - Gastroenterology
IS - 4
ER -