TY - JOUR
T1 - Ingesting breakfast meals of different glycaemic load does not alter cognition and satiety in children
AU - Brindal, E.
AU - Baird, D.
AU - Danthiir, V.
AU - Wilson, C.
AU - Bowen, J.
AU - Slater, A.
AU - Noakes, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The trial was partially funded by the Dairy Health and Nutrition Consortium (DHNC). Data collection, study implementation and statistical procedures were performed without input from DHNC. The final manuscript was approved by DHNC. The authors wish to thank Kylie Lange for her statistical direction and input, Kathryn Bastiaans and Julie Syrette for their data management, the CSIRO Clinical Research Unit for assistance with data collection, Nadia Corsini who contributed to the design of the cognitive component of the study, Sean Fitzgibbon who assisted in the programming of software for cognitive testing, Gilly Hendrie who assisted with the calculation of dietary components and all other staff involved in data collection.
PY - 2012/10
Y1 - 2012/10
N2 - Background/Objectives: The effect of Glycaemic Index (GI) and Load (GL) of breakfasts on satiety and aspects of cognitive function in children is inconclusive. We aimed to assess if isocaloric breakfasts differing in GL (by replacing high-GI carbohydrate foods with dairy protein foods) acutely alter cognitive function and satiety in 10- to 12-year-old children.Subjects/Methods: A total of 39 children, aged 11.6±0.7 years with body mass index 18.9±3.0 kg/m 2 (Mean±s.e.) participated in a randomised crossover trial of three isocaloric breakfasts (1.3 MJ): high GL (HGL: 7 g protein, 9 g fat, 50 g carbohydrate, GL 33); medium GL (MGL: 14 g protein, 9 g fat, 45 g carbohydrate, GL 24) and low GL (LGL: 18 g protein, 10 g fat, 38 g carbohydrate, GL 18). Blood glucose was recorded using a continuous glucose monitor. Subjective hunger and cognitive performance were measured before and hourly after consuming the test breakfast via a computer-delivered battery. Ad libitum intake at a buffet lunch meal was measured at 3 h at the end of testing.Results: Incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC) was significantly different with HGL>MGL>LGL (P0.001). Glucose concentrations fell below baseline after 83±6 min for HGL, 63±5 min (MGL) and 67±5 min (LGL)(P0.009). Breakfast GL did not significantly alter changes in cognitive function or self-reported satiety throughout testing. Energy intake at lunch was not significantly different between treatments (HGL 2943±168 kJ; MGL 2949±166 kJ; LGL 2993±191 kJ).Conclusions: Reducing breakfast GL by replacing carbohydrate with protein does not alter satiety or cognition over 3 h in 10- to 12-year-old children.
AB - Background/Objectives: The effect of Glycaemic Index (GI) and Load (GL) of breakfasts on satiety and aspects of cognitive function in children is inconclusive. We aimed to assess if isocaloric breakfasts differing in GL (by replacing high-GI carbohydrate foods with dairy protein foods) acutely alter cognitive function and satiety in 10- to 12-year-old children.Subjects/Methods: A total of 39 children, aged 11.6±0.7 years with body mass index 18.9±3.0 kg/m 2 (Mean±s.e.) participated in a randomised crossover trial of three isocaloric breakfasts (1.3 MJ): high GL (HGL: 7 g protein, 9 g fat, 50 g carbohydrate, GL 33); medium GL (MGL: 14 g protein, 9 g fat, 45 g carbohydrate, GL 24) and low GL (LGL: 18 g protein, 10 g fat, 38 g carbohydrate, GL 18). Blood glucose was recorded using a continuous glucose monitor. Subjective hunger and cognitive performance were measured before and hourly after consuming the test breakfast via a computer-delivered battery. Ad libitum intake at a buffet lunch meal was measured at 3 h at the end of testing.Results: Incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC) was significantly different with HGL>MGL>LGL (P0.001). Glucose concentrations fell below baseline after 83±6 min for HGL, 63±5 min (MGL) and 67±5 min (LGL)(P0.009). Breakfast GL did not significantly alter changes in cognitive function or self-reported satiety throughout testing. Energy intake at lunch was not significantly different between treatments (HGL 2943±168 kJ; MGL 2949±166 kJ; LGL 2993±191 kJ).Conclusions: Reducing breakfast GL by replacing carbohydrate with protein does not alter satiety or cognition over 3 h in 10- to 12-year-old children.
KW - child nutrition sciences
KW - cognition
KW - satiation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84867096244
U2 - 10.1038/ejcn.2012.99
DO - 10.1038/ejcn.2012.99
M3 - Article
C2 - 22872029
AN - SCOPUS:84867096244
SN - 0954-3007
VL - 66
SP - 1166
EP - 1171
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 10
ER -