The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists: a randomised crossover trial

Eric C Haakonssen; Megan L Ross; Emma J Knight; Louise E Cato; Alisa Nana; Anita E Wluka; Flavia M Cicuttini; Bing H Wang; David G Jenkins; Louise M Burke

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123302

The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists: a randomised crossover trial

Eric C Haakonssen, Megan L Ross, Emma J Knight, Louise E Cato, Alisa Nana, Anita E Wluka, Flavia M Cicuttini, Bing H Wang, David G Jenkins, Louise M Burke

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

64 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cycling is recognised as a sport in which there is a high incidence of poor bone health. Sweat calcium losses may contribute to this.

PURPOSE: To examine whether a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal attenuates exercise-induced perturbations of bone calcium homeostasis caused by maintenance of sweat calcium losses.

METHODS: Using a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 32 well-trained female cyclists completed two 90 min cycling trials separated by 1 day. Exercise trials were preceded 2 hours by either a calcium-rich (1352 ± 53 mg calcium) dairy based meal (CAL) or a control meal (CON; 46 ± 7 mg calcium). Blood was sampled pre-trial; pre-exercise; and immediately, 40 min, 100 min and 190 min post-exercise. Blood was analysed for ionized calcium and biomarkers of bone resorption (Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX-I), Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type II Collagen (CTX-II), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and bone formation (Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP)) using the established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

RESULTS: PTH and CTX-I increased from pre-exercise to post-exercise in both conditions but was attenuated in CAL (p < 0.001). PTH was 1.55 [1.20, 2.01] times lower in CAL immediately post-exercise and 1.45 [1.12, 1.88] times lower at 40 min post-exercise. CTX-I was 1.40 [1.15, 1.70] times lower in CAL at immediately post-exercise, 1.30 [1.07, 1.57] times lower at 40 min post-exercise and 1.22 [1.00, 1.48] times lower at 190 min post-exercise (p < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between pre-exercise meal condition and time point for CTX-II (p = 0.732) or PINP (p = 0.819).

CONCLUSION: This study showed that a calcium-rich pre-exercise breakfast meal containing ~1350 mg of calcium consumed ~90 min before a prolonged and high intensity bout of stationary cycling attenuates the exercise induced rise in markers of bone resorption--PTH and CTX-I.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000675628.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	e0123302
Journal	PloS one
Volume	10
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123302
Publication status	Published or Issued - 2015

Keywords

Adolescent
Adult
Athletes
Bicycling
Biomarkers/blood
Bone Resorption/blood
Calcium/blood
Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage
Cations, Divalent
Collagen Type I/blood
Collagen Type II/blood
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Exercise
Female
Humans
Parathyroid Hormone/blood
Peptide Fragments/blood
Peptides/blood
Physical Endurance
Procollagen/blood
Sweating/physiology

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10.1371/journal.pone.0123302

Cite this

Haakonssen, E. C., Ross, M. L., Knight, E. J., Cato, L. E., Nana, A., Wluka, A. E., Cicuttini, F. M., Wang, B. H., Jenkins, D. G., & Burke, L. M. (2015). The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists: a randomised crossover trial. PloS one, 10(5), e0123302. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123302

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abstract = "Cycling is recognised as a sport in which there is a high incidence of poor bone health. Sweat calcium losses may contribute to this.PURPOSE: To examine whether a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal attenuates exercise-induced perturbations of bone calcium homeostasis caused by maintenance of sweat calcium losses.METHODS: Using a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 32 well-trained female cyclists completed two 90 min cycling trials separated by 1 day. Exercise trials were preceded 2 hours by either a calcium-rich (1352 ± 53 mg calcium) dairy based meal (CAL) or a control meal (CON; 46 ± 7 mg calcium). Blood was sampled pre-trial; pre-exercise; and immediately, 40 min, 100 min and 190 min post-exercise. Blood was analysed for ionized calcium and biomarkers of bone resorption (Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX-I), Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type II Collagen (CTX-II), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and bone formation (Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP)) using the established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.RESULTS: PTH and CTX-I increased from pre-exercise to post-exercise in both conditions but was attenuated in CAL (p < 0.001). PTH was 1.55 [1.20, 2.01] times lower in CAL immediately post-exercise and 1.45 [1.12, 1.88] times lower at 40 min post-exercise. CTX-I was 1.40 [1.15, 1.70] times lower in CAL at immediately post-exercise, 1.30 [1.07, 1.57] times lower at 40 min post-exercise and 1.22 [1.00, 1.48] times lower at 190 min post-exercise (p < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between pre-exercise meal condition and time point for CTX-II (p = 0.732) or PINP (p = 0.819).CONCLUSION: This study showed that a calcium-rich pre-exercise breakfast meal containing ~1350 mg of calcium consumed ~90 min before a prolonged and high intensity bout of stationary cycling attenuates the exercise induced rise in markers of bone resorption--PTH and CTX-I.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000675628.",

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Athletes, Bicycling, Biomarkers/blood, Bone Resorption/blood, Calcium/blood, Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage, Cations, Divalent, Collagen Type I/blood, Collagen Type II/blood, Cross-Over Studies, Diet, Exercise, Female, Humans, Parathyroid Hormone/blood, Peptide Fragments/blood, Peptides/blood, Physical Endurance, Procollagen/blood, Sweating/physiology",

author = "Haakonssen, {Eric C} and Ross, {Megan L} and Knight, {Emma J} and Cato, {Louise E} and Alisa Nana and Wluka, {Anita E} and Cicuttini, {Flavia M} and Wang, {Bing H} and Jenkins, {David G} and Burke, {Louise M}",

year = "2015",

doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0123302",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "e0123302",

journal = "PloS one",

issn = "1932-6203",

publisher = "Public Library of Science",

number = "5",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists

T2 - a randomised crossover trial

AU - Haakonssen, Eric C

AU - Ross, Megan L

AU - Knight, Emma J

AU - Cato, Louise E

AU - Nana, Alisa

AU - Wluka, Anita E

AU - Cicuttini, Flavia M

AU - Wang, Bing H

AU - Jenkins, David G

AU - Burke, Louise M

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - Cycling is recognised as a sport in which there is a high incidence of poor bone health. Sweat calcium losses may contribute to this.PURPOSE: To examine whether a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal attenuates exercise-induced perturbations of bone calcium homeostasis caused by maintenance of sweat calcium losses.METHODS: Using a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 32 well-trained female cyclists completed two 90 min cycling trials separated by 1 day. Exercise trials were preceded 2 hours by either a calcium-rich (1352 ± 53 mg calcium) dairy based meal (CAL) or a control meal (CON; 46 ± 7 mg calcium). Blood was sampled pre-trial; pre-exercise; and immediately, 40 min, 100 min and 190 min post-exercise. Blood was analysed for ionized calcium and biomarkers of bone resorption (Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX-I), Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type II Collagen (CTX-II), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and bone formation (Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP)) using the established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.RESULTS: PTH and CTX-I increased from pre-exercise to post-exercise in both conditions but was attenuated in CAL (p < 0.001). PTH was 1.55 [1.20, 2.01] times lower in CAL immediately post-exercise and 1.45 [1.12, 1.88] times lower at 40 min post-exercise. CTX-I was 1.40 [1.15, 1.70] times lower in CAL at immediately post-exercise, 1.30 [1.07, 1.57] times lower at 40 min post-exercise and 1.22 [1.00, 1.48] times lower at 190 min post-exercise (p < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between pre-exercise meal condition and time point for CTX-II (p = 0.732) or PINP (p = 0.819).CONCLUSION: This study showed that a calcium-rich pre-exercise breakfast meal containing ~1350 mg of calcium consumed ~90 min before a prolonged and high intensity bout of stationary cycling attenuates the exercise induced rise in markers of bone resorption--PTH and CTX-I.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000675628.

AB - Cycling is recognised as a sport in which there is a high incidence of poor bone health. Sweat calcium losses may contribute to this.PURPOSE: To examine whether a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal attenuates exercise-induced perturbations of bone calcium homeostasis caused by maintenance of sweat calcium losses.METHODS: Using a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 32 well-trained female cyclists completed two 90 min cycling trials separated by 1 day. Exercise trials were preceded 2 hours by either a calcium-rich (1352 ± 53 mg calcium) dairy based meal (CAL) or a control meal (CON; 46 ± 7 mg calcium). Blood was sampled pre-trial; pre-exercise; and immediately, 40 min, 100 min and 190 min post-exercise. Blood was analysed for ionized calcium and biomarkers of bone resorption (Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX-I), Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type II Collagen (CTX-II), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and bone formation (Procollagen I N-Terminal Propeptide (PINP)) using the established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.RESULTS: PTH and CTX-I increased from pre-exercise to post-exercise in both conditions but was attenuated in CAL (p < 0.001). PTH was 1.55 [1.20, 2.01] times lower in CAL immediately post-exercise and 1.45 [1.12, 1.88] times lower at 40 min post-exercise. CTX-I was 1.40 [1.15, 1.70] times lower in CAL at immediately post-exercise, 1.30 [1.07, 1.57] times lower at 40 min post-exercise and 1.22 [1.00, 1.48] times lower at 190 min post-exercise (p < 0.05). There was no significant interaction between pre-exercise meal condition and time point for CTX-II (p = 0.732) or PINP (p = 0.819).CONCLUSION: This study showed that a calcium-rich pre-exercise breakfast meal containing ~1350 mg of calcium consumed ~90 min before a prolonged and high intensity bout of stationary cycling attenuates the exercise induced rise in markers of bone resorption--PTH and CTX-I.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000675628.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Athletes

KW - Bicycling

KW - Biomarkers/blood

KW - Bone Resorption/blood

KW - Calcium/blood

KW - Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage

KW - Cations, Divalent

KW - Collagen Type I/blood

KW - Collagen Type II/blood

KW - Cross-Over Studies

KW - Diet

KW - Exercise

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Parathyroid Hormone/blood

KW - Peptide Fragments/blood

KW - Peptides/blood

KW - Physical Endurance

KW - Procollagen/blood

KW - Sweating/physiology

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123302

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123302

M3 - Article

C2 - 25970439

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 10

SP - e0123302

JO - PloS one

JF - PloS one

IS - 5

ER -