The host response in experimental corneal xenotransplantation

In addressing the worldwide shortage of human donor cornea for transplantation, animal cornea may be a substitute if mechanisms of xenogeneic (cross-species) rejection can be identified and controlled. Xenotrans-plantation of solid organs is followed byhyperacute rejection within minutes due to humoral graft rejection. In an experimental model corneal xenografts in rats survived for 2-3 days, depending on the phylogenetic disparity of the donor animal. Endothelial injury was the specific cause of graft failure, probably mediated by humoral rejection mechanisms. A later cell-mediated rejection response was seen. The potent humoral response is the most important feature differentiating xenograft from allograft rejection.